What is the ABS brain and how does it work? How do you detect ABS control unit (HECU) failures? What are the symptoms of ABS module malfunction?
What is ABS Control Module?
Modern vehicles include anti-lock brake (ABS) as a safety feature. The ABS system is standard equipment on all vehicles, starting with 2012 models. Electronic stability control (ESC), systems also include the ABS system.
The brake calipers compress brake pads against discs when the driver presses down on the brake pedal. If the tire’s compression force exceeds the ground’s traction force, the tire will stop spinning. Wheel locking is the result of this action. One or more wheels can lock during hard brake and cause the vehicle’s to skid. The risk of losing control of the vehicle during skidding is very high, and the stopping distance can increase significantly.
ABS is designed to prevent wheels locking and vehicle from sliding in abrupt braking situations. The ABS system helps maintain steering control by reducing the distance between the brake pedal and the vehicle’s wheels. The system is composed of a control module, speed sensors and a steering wheel. The ABS control module is controlled by speed sensors. They calculate the wheels’ rotational speeds and send them to the ABS control modules. These signals are used to control each wheel’s brake force by the ABS control module.
The ABS control module will detect if one vehicle’s wheel turns slower than others when braking. It will reduce hydraulic pressure and release the caliper for a short time. The ABS control module prevents the wheel’s locking and gives the tire road traction again. This is repeated several more times per second until the wheel locks.
The ABS control module can be found in the engine compartment. The ABS control module is located between the brake mastercylinder and brake line. It is hydraulically controlled. It can be placed anywhere within the brake system, but it is possible to place it in some cases. It may be necessary to lift your vehicle in order to locate the ABS controller module. You can also place it under covers or plastic panels.
The ABS module is a microprocessor that consists of an electronic control unit and a hydraulic controller unit (HCU). It is also known as “HECU” Because of the combination of these units. You can also refer to it by other names, such as ABS brain and ABS pump, hydraulic control unit, ABS motor, and ABS motor.
The HCU comprises an integrated electric motor, solenoids-controlled valves and a body that connects brake hoses. The HCU’s task is to regulate the pressure in the brake lines in accordance with the ECU’s signals. It works by opening and closing a valve that regulates brake fluid flow. The ABS module design can affect the number of solenoids or valves that are used.
In the event that the ABS module fails it will usually need to be replaced. However, in rare instances, these parts can be easily replaced separately. The HCU can be replaced by mechanics if the ABS module is not working. This makes it easier, quicker and more affordable for the driver to repair the ABS.
What are the symptoms of ABS brain malfunction?
The ABS control module is built to last for the lifetime of your vehicle. It can, however, be damaged by extreme temperatures, electric overload, and impact. Failure of the ABS module will result in the ABS system not activating and the driver being notified with the following symptoms.
- – ABS and/or Engine fault light on instrument panel
- – Unresponsive brake lever
- – To stop the vehicle from accelerating or stopping, press the brake pedal harder
- – Deactivation or prolongation of ABS
- – Speedometer malfunction
ABS and/or Engine Failure Light On
The ABS warning light located on the instrument cluster is the most obvious sign that there is a problem in the ABS system. It is normal for the ABS light in your car to turn on and off for several seconds upon starting it. Don’t panic. To restart the ECU, turn the ignition off and back on again if the ABS light is still on. If the ABS light continues to turn on, it is likely that the ABS system has a problem.
Some ABS systems can still be operated despite the ABS light being lit. Anti-lock, stability and traction control features may not be available. You can still bring your car to the mechanic, provided that the vehicle’s brake ability is not impaired.
An extra ABS light may not be available on older vehicles. A check engine light is an alternative. The check engine light may come on for many reasons. In this case, the fault code is stored in memory of the primary computer of the vehicle (PCM /ECM /ECU). To diagnose and repair the fault, it is necessary to read the PCM fault codes.
Unresponsive brake pedal
Make sure the brake pedal is pressed when the vehicle stops. A faulty ABS module might not respond to your pressing the brake pedal depending on which vehicle you have. This is a problem that will cause the vehicle to not stop. The ABS module may still be functional, so the brakes might hold a little, but the ABS module will eventually fail.
For a slower vehicle, you can press the brake pedal more hard.
A properly functioning brake system will allow you to simply depress the brake pedal lightly to slow or stop your vehicle. You should notice an immediate effect from the brakes when you touch them. You might notice that your pedal is pressing harder over time to achieve the same amount of braking force. This could be a sign that there is an issue with the ABS module.
Locking the Brakes
The ABS system prevents wheel locking and loss traction during hard braking. An ABS module that is not working properly can cause the brakes and vehicle to lock up, causing the vehicle to skid under normal driving conditions. The ABS module might need to be replaced if you hear clicking or erratic behaviour when you press the brake pedal.
This problem should be noticed only when you apply your brakes. It could be a stuck brake lever.
Misreading Speedometer
Rarely, the ABS control module can cause an error in your speedometer. Your speedometer might display incorrectly, or stay stuck at “0”. However, an ABS warning or engine fault light could be on. Even if they aren’t, a faulty speedometer can be a good reason for you to have your vehicle checked.
